Basics of ic engines ppt
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Flywheel : Rotating mass with a large moment of inertia connected to the crank shaft of the engine. – It consists of an exhaust manifold which carries the exhaust gases away from the engine, a thermal or catalytic converter to reduce emissions, a muffler to reduce engine noise, and a tailpipe to carry the exhaust gases away from the passenger compartment.
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Engine components apart from omponents shown in the figure:Įxhaust System: Flow system for removing exhaust gases from the cylinders, treating them, and exhausting them to the surroundings. Spark plug : Electrical device used to initiate combustion in an SI engine by creating high voltage discharge across an electrode gap. – For many decades it was the basic fuel metering system on all automobile (and other) engines. Carburetor : A device which meters the proper amount of fuel into the air flow by means of pressure differential. – The individual pipe to a single cylinder is called runner. Intake manifold :Piping Piping system which delivers incoming air to the cylinders, usually made of cast metal, plastic, or composite material – In most SI engines, fuel is added to the air in the intake manifold system either by fuel injectors or with a carburetor. Exhaust manifold : Piping system which carries exhaust gases away from the engine cylinders, usually made of cast iron. – In many engines the oil pan makes up part of the crankcase housing. Crankcase : Part of the engine block surrounding the crankshaft. Push rods : The mechanical linkage between the camshaft and valves on overhead valve engines with the camshaft in the crankcase. Piston rings: Metal rings that fit into circumferential grooves around the piston and form a sliding surface against the cylinder walls.Ĭamshaft : Rotating shaft used to push open valves at the proper time in the engine cycle, either directly or through mechanical or hydraulic linkage (push rods, rocker arms, tappets). Connecting rod : Rod connecting the piston with the rotating crankshaft, usually made of steel or alloy forging in most engines but may be aluminum in some small engines. This offset is sometimes called crank throw or crank radius. – It is rotated by the reciprocating pistons through the connectin rods connected to the crankshaft, offset from the axis of rotation. – The crankshaft is connected to the engine block with the main bearings. The size of combustion chamber continuously changes from minimum volume when the piston is at TDC to a maximum volume when the piston a BDC.Ĭrankshaft : Rotating shaft through which engine work output is supplied to external systems. Combustion chamber: The end of the cylinder between the head and the piston face where combustion occurs. Head : The piece which closes the end of the cylinders, usually containing part of the clearance volume of the combustion chamber. Cylinder : The circular cylinders in the engine block in which the pistons reciprocate back and forth.
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Engine components shown in figure1(a), 1(b) and figure 2 are defined as follows: Block : Body of the engine containing cylinders, made of cast iron or aluminum. Nternal combustion Engine Components: ComponentsĬ. – Spark ignition and Compression Ignition engine operate on either a four stroke cycle or a two stroke cycle. Compression ignition engine (CI engine): An engine in which the combustion process starts when the air-fuel mixture self ignites due to high temperature in the combustion chamber caused by high compression.Spark ignition engine (SI engine): engine) An engine in which the combustion process in each cycle is started by use of an external spark.Internal combustion engines may be classified as : – Spark Ignition engines. – Steam engine is an example of external combustion engine, where the working fluid is steam. In an External combustion engine, working fluid gets energy using boilers by burning fossil fuels or any other fuel, thus the working fluid does not come in contact with combustion products.– Petrol engine is an example of internal combustion engine, where the working fluid is a mixture of air and fuel. In an Internal combustion engine, combustion takes place within working fluid of the engine, thus fluid gets contaminated with combustion products.On the basis of how thermal energy is being delivered to working fluid of the heat engine, heat engine can be classified as an internal combustion engine and external combustion engine.Examples of heat engines include: steam engine, diesel engine, and gasoline (petrol) engine. Heat engine : It can be defined as any engine that converts thermal energy to mechanical work output.Introduction to Internal Combustion Enginesĭr. BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANI